C++ Archives - Page 4 of 6 - SimpleTechTalks

Interface Segregation Principle explained with simple example

Interface Segregation Principle (ISP) is a software design principle which states that “many client specific interfaces are better than one generic interface“. This principle enforces to implement only usable methods which will reduce coupling between modules. This principle ensures that any client should be dependent only on those methods which they use.

Before going ahead we should know why do we need software design principle and what is software design principle.

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Liskov Substitution Principle explained with simple example

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Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP) is a software design principle which states that “derived class objects should be completely replaceable by their base classes“. This principle ensures that any derived class extending base class will not change their behaviour.

Before going ahead we should know why do we need software design principle and what is software design principle.

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Open/Closed design principle explained with simple example

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Open/Closed design principle is a software design principle which states that every module, class or function of a software should be open for extension but closed for modification. This design principle ensures any new functionality can be added via new classes which means minimum code changes required in existing classes.

Before going ahead we should know why do we need software design principle and what is software design principle.

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Single Responsibility Principle explained with simple example

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Single Responsibility Principle (SRP) is a software design principle which states that every module, class or function of a software should have one and only one responsiblity/functionality to perform. As stated by Robert C.Martin, “A class should have one and only one reason to change“.

Before going ahead we should know why do we need software design principle and what is software design principle.

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Software design principle explained with simple example

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Software design principle consists a set of guidelines invented by Robert C.Martin to avoid bad software design. These guidelines consists of five design principles for object oriented software development. These design principles are:

Together these are called SOLID design principles.

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Why do we need Software Design Principles

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Object oriented software development often becomes victim of non-maintainable, unreliable etc in long run in most of cases. Lot of people might put bad coding skills behind that state (which is true sometime) but bad software design is the actual culprit which will make excellent coders write bad code because software design doesn’t allow them to do so.

Always remember knowing what not to do is more important than what to do !!!

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Binary tree explained with simple example

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A Binary tree is a tree in which any node can have at max 2 nodes which are known as left subtree and right subtree. If each node of a binary tree contains Zero or Two nodes then this binary tree is known as proper binary tree else it will be called improper binary tree.

Typically a binary tree can be shown as follows:

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Tree data structure explained with simple example

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A tree is an abstract data type which stores data hierarchically. The top element is known as “Root”. Each node in a tree has a parent node and zero or more children nodes except that Root node which has only children nodes but no parent node.

For eg: a tree can be shown as follows:

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constexpr explained with simple example

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In C++11(Introduction to C++11), constexpr is added which improves the run-time performance of the code as it allows the compiler to compute the associated code at compile time if possible. constexpr specifier can be used with both variables and functions where only constant expressions are used which can be evaluated at compile time.

Few important points:

A constexpr function return type and argument type must be literal types.
A constexpr function cannot be virtual but it can be recursive.
A constexpr function cannot have uninitialized variables. Till C++11 it can have only one return statement while from C++14 it can have more than one return statement.
Any variable can be declared as constexpr, if it is initialized. In case of constructor initialization, the constructor also must be declared as constexpr.
constexpr can also be used with references if the referenced object is initialized.
Any constexpr function can only call other constexpr functions.
constexpr function can also be used with non-const variables. No need to define two different functions for same.

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Move Assignment Operator explained with simple example

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In C++11 (Introduction to C++11) , move assignment operator are added which can improve any code’s performance drastically. Typically a move assignment operator is same as copy/move constructor but before reusing the memory blocks from passed object, it releases all the memory which is owned by this object. Since, memory reallocation is avoided in case of move assignment operators. Thus it gives better performance.

However while implementing move assignment operators we need to take care of one important point to ensure that the original object can be correctly destroyed.

Let’s take an example to see how this memory reallocation is avoided in case of move assignment.

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